Extensively drugresistant streptococcus pneumoniae, south korea, 2011 2012 sun young cho, 1 jin yang baek, cheolin kang, so hyun kim, young eun ha, doo ryeon chung, nam yong lee, kyong ran peck, and jaehoon song to better understand extensively drug resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, we assessed clinical and microbio. As a matter of fact, the process of genetic transformation was. Increase of serotype 8, st53 clone, as the prevalent. Cyclooxygenase2 and its metabolites play an important regulatory role in lung inflammation.
Streptococcus pneumoniae simple english wikipedia, the. Characterisation of invasive streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from cambodian children between 2007 2012 article pdf available in plos one 117. Streptococcus pneumoniae surveillance report 2012 oregon active bacterial core surveillance abcs center for public health practice oregon health authority updated. Nasopharyngeal colonization by streptococcus pneumoniae is a prerequisite for ipd. Five additional xdr pneumococcal isolates subsequently were identified in our hospital in south korea. Airborne and direct contact diseases strep pneumoniae. A previously published lytagenespecific realtime pcr method was applied to a panel. Azithromycin and mortality in streptococcus pneumoniae. Epidemiology of streptococcus pneumoniae emconsulte. Characterisation of invasive streptococcus pneumoniae. Thus, little is known about infections in human lung tissue. Serotype distribution of invasive streptococcus pneumoniae.
Patients manifest typical laboratory signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation dic. Summary of the 44 hajj pilgrims who tested positive for streptococcus pneumoniae during the study period. Pneumonia treatment and antibiotic resistance presented on. Purpura fulminans pf is a rare skin disorder with extensive areas of blueblack hemorrhagic necrosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive pneumococcal disease. Bacteria typically undergo genetic recombination through transformation, transduction, or conjugation. October 1, 2012 associated with influenzarelated deaths in. Prior research suggests that use of macrolides in cap results in improved survival. Our case describes a 37yearold previously healthy man who presented with 3 days of generalized malaise, headache, vomiting, photophobia, and an ecchymotic skin rash. Printfriendly version of this surveillance report cdc pdf 1 page. It may cause pneumonia, meningitis, or a blood stream infection bacteremia.
Serotype distribution of invasive streptococcus pneumoniae in canada after the introduction of the valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 20102012. Spread of meropenemresistant streptococcus pneumoniae. March 2014 background the active bacterial core surveillance abcs program is a core component of the emerging. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the pathogens posing the greatest threat to human health 4,5.
Pneumolysin released during streptococcus pneumoniae autolysis is a potent activator of intracellular oxygen radical production in neutrophils. Outpatient streptococcus pneumoniae mycoplasma pneumoniae haemophilus influenza chlamydophila pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcus is the major pathogen causing communityacquired infections such as acute otitis media, pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis. Invasive pneumococcal disease is defined as an infection confirmed by the isolation of streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site eg, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and pleural, joint, or peritoneal fluid but not sputum. The differentiation of species within the streptococcus mitis group has posed a problem in the routine diagnostic microbiology laboratory for some time.
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in pneumococcal. Pneumococcal disease is a severe bacterial infection caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, also called pneumococcus. Streptococcus pneumoniae is capable of causing multiple infectious syndromes and occasionally causes outbreaks. Recently we reported a case of bacteremic pneumonia caused by extensively drugresistant xdr s. The cell wall of streptococcus pneumoniae contains an unusually complex wall teichoic acid wta, which has identical repeating units as the membraneanchored lipoteichoic acid lta. Streptococcus pneumoniae has a complex relationship with its obligate human host. In 2000, in children under five years of age, more than 820 000 deaths were estimated to have been caused by pneumococcus and more than 370 000 deaths by hib. On the one hand, the pneumococci are highly adapted commensals, and. Pneumococcal disease may cause serious illness if it is in the lungs, blood, or in the lining of the brain and spinal cord. An explosive outbreak of streptococcus pneumoniae serotype. Pneumococcal disease journal articles and manuals cdc. Streptococcus pneumoniae outbreaks and implications for.
The verification of a proper and exclusive gene for the detection of the pneumococcus by nucleic acidbased tests is, however, still unresolved. Active bacterial core surveillance report, emerging infections program network, streptococcus pneumoniae, 2011 cdc pdf. Comment tetracyclines tetracycline 2 2 1 10 19 20 the zone diameter breakpoint relates to an mic of. Extensively drugresistant streptococcus pneumoniae, south korea, 20112012 sun young cho, 1 jin yang baek, cheolin kang, so hyun kim, young eun ha, doo ryeon chung, nam yong lee, kyong ran peck, and jaehoon song to better understand extensively drug resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, we assessed clinical and microbio. It also constitutes a major weakness of recently introduced matrixassisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry malditof ms fingerprinting systems. Extensively drugresistant streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae statpearls ncbi bookshelf. Recognition of streptococcus pneumoniae by the innate. Identification of evolutionarily conserved virulence. Antimicrobial susceptibility among streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae collected globally between 2015 and 2017 as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial test zhijie zhang,1 meng chen,2 ying yu,3 sisi pan,3 yong liu11clinical laboratory department, shengjing hospital of china medical university, shenyang, peoples republic of china.
Biosynthesis of teichoic acids in streptococcus pneumoniae. Report of a working group summary streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the united states, resulting each year in an estimated 3,000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, 500,000 cases of pneumonia, and 7,000,000 cases of otitis media. However, the bacterial mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. The bacterium streptococcus pneumoniae can lead to lifethreatening illnesses including invasive pneumonia, meningitis and bloodstream infection bsi, often referred to as invasive pneumococcal disease ipd. Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive pneumococcal disease en xlsx45. Pneumococcal disease is also a common cause of ear infections. Mic and zone diameter breakpoints for streptococcus pneumoniae mic breakpoint mgl interpretation of zone diameters mm antibiotic r i s. Cell division in streptococci occurs along a single axis, so as they grow, they tend to form pairs or chains that may appear bent or twisted contrast with that of staphylococci. The capacity of streptococcus pneumoniae to successfully transmit and colonize new human hosts is a critical aspect of pneumococcal population biology and a prerequisite for invasive disease. Airborne and direct contact diseases strep pneumoniae general information. Streptococcus pneumoniae an overview sciencedirect topics. All episodes of ipd defined by the isolation of streptococcus pneumoniae from blood, cerebrospinal fluid or other sterile site in cambodian children admitted to the angkor hospital for children in siem reap, northwestern cambodia, between 1 st january 2007 and 1 st july 2012 were retrospectively studied.
Defining the public health impact of drugresistant. Streptococcus is a genus of grampositive coccus plural cocci or spherical bacteria that belongs to the family streptococcaceae, within the order lactobacillales lactic acid bacteria, in the phylum firmicutes. Acquisition of streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in. They are usually found in pairs and do not form spores and are nonmotile. Streptococcus pneumoniae also known as pneumococcus is a grampositive, extracellular, opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the mucosal surfaces of the human upper respiratory tract urt. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the bacterium that has historically been the most common pathogen to cause cap worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae is both a frequent colonizer of the upper respiratory tract and a leading cause of life. Extensively drugresistant streptococcus pneumoniae, south korea, 20112012 article pdf available in emerging infectious diseases 205. A nationwide campaign for the rationalization of antibiotic prescription was implemented in 2001 and vaccination of young children with the. Serial nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 331 hivinfected and 491 heu children, at up to 6 scheduled timepoints, between median ages of 25 to 181 weeks.
Review of guidelines raja dhar consultant respiratory physician, fortis hospital, kolkata, west. Both polymers share a common cytoplasmic pathway of precursor synthesis, but several ta enzymes have remained elusive. Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a grampositive, alphahemolytic diplococcus aerotolerant anaerobe and a member of the genus streptococcus. To identify bacterial factors required for transmission, we conducted a highthroughput genetic screen with a transposon.
Bioinformatic analysis of the genome of various pneumococcal strains, including choline. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 9a isolates contain diverse mutations to wcje that result in variable expression of serotype 9vspecific epitope. Alaska native an children suffer from high rates of invasive pneumococcal disease ipd compared to other children in alaska and children in the general united states us population. External quality assurance scheme for streptococcus pneumoniae 2012 technical report 2 a number of laboratories stated that the interpretation of mic results for.
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes many clinical syndromes, depending on the site of infection e. Demczuk, a irene martin, a averil griffith, a brigitte lefebvre, b allison mcgeer, c marguerite lovgren, d gregory j. The majority of cases of communityacquired pneumonia are caused by streptococcus pneumoniae and most studies on pneumococcal host interaction are based on cell culture or animal experiments. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates that could be retrieved underwent phenotypic.
As the phylogenetic resolution of the spectral similarity. Pdf extensively drugresistant streptococcus pneumoniae. Prevention of antibioticnonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae with conjugate vaccines external icon. Byington, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fourth edition, 2012. Effect of the valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on. A 7valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine pcv7 was introduced into the alaska childhood immunization.
The need for a microbial identification of streptococcus pneumoniae independent of culture methods has resulted in the introduction of other laboratory principles. In recent years, streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8 has become the most prevalent cause of invasive pneumococcal disease ipd in madrid, spain. During the past 2 decades, multidrugresistant streptococcus pneumoniae has spread worldwide 1,2. External quality assurance scheme for streptococcus. This is similar to other studies, in which a pathogen was identified in between 50% and 80% of patients.
Invasive streptococcus pneumoniae infections and vaccine. In august 2012, an explosive outbreak of severe lower respiratory tract infection lrti due to streptococcus pneumoniae serotype8 occurred in a highly vaccinated elderly institutionalized population in england. However, it should be noted that one of the most efficient sources for genetic recombination in streptococcus pneumoniae is transformation marks, reddinger, hakansson, 2012. The innate immune system is critical for the control of colonization and for defence during invasive disease. Proton pump inhibitor therapy predisposes to community.
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a grampositive, alphahemolytic under aerobic conditions or betahemolytic under anaerobic conditions, facultative anaerobic member of the genus streptococcus. Up to 2765% of children and pneumoniae and carriage involves a commensal relationship between the bacterium and the host 1,2. Extensively drugresistant streptococcus pneumoniae, south. Tyrrell, d shalini desai, e lindsey sherrard, e heather. Streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type b hib are two of the leading causes worldwide of vaccinepreventable disease vpd in young children. Pneumococcal disease is caused by the streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria.